Writepaperfor Me Review [2020 Upd]

Writepaperfor Me Review [2020 Upd] A research strategy describes how you will conduct your research. It seems at what forms of sources you seek, and the place you'll look for them. Then the ultimate a part of a research technique is to give you a timeline. The best consultants in our team can end your analysis project within in the future. We are committed to solving your tutorial challenges. Don’t hesitate to ask for a refund if something doesn’t go as deliberate and you've got a legitimate complaint â€" we are in this collectively. We let you choose from 5 high quality ranges and different deadlines . Based in your wants, you’ll get a fair quote per page. Each heading and subheading should serve to assist your thesis, and your conclusion should tie each point again to your central level. Revising is the method of reviewing your content, altering the order, deleting redundancies, and filling in gaps, as needed, to make sure you have completed this. No matter what sources you employ, take the time to evaluate their credibility. It’s essential to solely embrace sources that are correct and come from reliable sources. spell examine might help you get them into form to help your analysis paper concepts truly shine. How do you start your research paper introduction? I additionally suggest having a second individual learn your paper and make suggestions. Conclusionâ€"rephrase the thesis statement & the way you proved it, and the importance of your research paper. By now, you need to already know the forms of sources you need that may allow you to to reply your research question. Once you’ve gathered sources, it’s time to take detailed notes. is a degree-certified journey nurse who loves the excitement of mixing work and journey. Between assignments, he writes, contributes to varied blogs on well being and fitness and loves to keep match. These assignments require an extra stage of enhancing to ensure they're correctly formatted and all sources are correctly cited. In addition to the citations included within the physique of your paper, you’ll need to create your bibliography in your ultimate product. Your analysis paper introduction ought to be clear about your paper’s purpose. Tweak the order type settings to see how much your urgent paper will cost. Download the paper and use it to boost your achievement. For example, we would like to get people to rethink the stigma of learning disabilities. We’d also like it if folks were more educated about the struggles of low revenue and nontraditional college students. Then there is the truth that college students are often unaware of the assistance they will receive right on campus. All these questions mixed will help you revise your analysis paper. Your teacher, course readings, class notes, Wikipedia, and Google can all be useful by way of getting concepts for broad subjects. The matter growth course of will help you to develop your thesis, which is essentially your proposed answer to your research question. You will then be prepared to use the sources you have found, and discover extra sources to be able to help that thesis, or to reply your research query. Don't be afraid to discover new issues and modify or refine your matter. An define will assist you realize all of this before you start typing a single word of your paper. Click to learn extra concerning the means of narrowing down your central thought, or thesis statement, which should information your complete analysis paper and its define. You also can discover an instance of a analysis paper or a analysis paper outline instance online for an thought of what your individual define should seem like. Your paper could have proper references within the citation fashion you select. Academic writing is a big challenge for somebody who’s only accomplished fundamental homework thus far. There’s nothing that loves more than passing on his information of selling in his writings. Always up-to-date with marketing developments, he has a BSc in Marketing from Keele University.

Writepaperfor Me Review [2020 Upd]

Writepaperfor Me Review [2020 Upd] A research strategy describes how you will conduct your research. It seems at what forms of sources you seek, and the place you'll look for them. Then the ultimate a part of a research technique is to give you a timeline. The best consultants in our team can end your analysis project within in the future. We are committed to solving your tutorial challenges. Don’t hesitate to ask for a refund if something doesn’t go as deliberate and you've got a legitimate complaint â€" we are in this collectively. We let you choose from 5 high quality ranges and different deadlines . Based in your wants, you’ll get a fair quote per page. Each heading and subheading should serve to assist your thesis, and your conclusion should tie each point again to your central level. Revising is the method of reviewing your content, altering the order, deleting redundancies, and filling in gaps, as needed, to make sure you have completed this. No matter what sources you employ, take the time to evaluate their credibility. It’s essential to solely embrace sources that are correct and come from reliable sources. spell examine might help you get them into form to help your analysis paper concepts truly shine. How do you start your research paper introduction? I additionally suggest having a second individual learn your paper and make suggestions. Conclusionâ€"rephrase the thesis statement & the way you proved it, and the importance of your research paper. By now, you need to already know the forms of sources you need that may allow you to to reply your research question. Once you’ve gathered sources, it’s time to take detailed notes. is a degree-certified journey nurse who loves the excitement of mixing work and journey. Between assignments, he writes, contributes to varied blogs on well being and fitness and loves to keep match. These assignments require an extra stage of enhancing to ensure they're correctly formatted and all sources are correctly cited. In addition to the citations included within the physique of your paper, you’ll need to create your bibliography in your ultimate product. Your analysis paper introduction ought to be clear about your paper’s purpose. Tweak the order type settings to see how much your urgent paper will cost. Download the paper and use it to boost your achievement. For example, we would like to get people to rethink the stigma of learning disabilities. We’d also like it if folks were more educated about the struggles of low revenue and nontraditional college students. Then there is the truth that college students are often unaware of the assistance they will receive right on campus. All these questions mixed will help you revise your analysis paper. Your teacher, course readings, class notes, Wikipedia, and Google can all be useful by way of getting concepts for broad subjects. The matter growth course of will help you to develop your thesis, which is essentially your proposed answer to your research question. You will then be prepared to use the sources you have found, and discover extra sources to be able to help that thesis, or to reply your research query. Don't be afraid to discover new issues and modify or refine your matter. An define will assist you realize all of this before you start typing a single word of your paper. Click to learn extra concerning the means of narrowing down your central thought, or thesis statement, which should information your complete analysis paper and its define. You also can discover an instance of a analysis paper or a analysis paper outline instance online for an thought of what your individual define should seem like. Your paper could have proper references within the citation fashion you select. Academic writing is a big challenge for somebody who’s only accomplished fundamental homework thus far. There’s nothing that loves more than passing on his information of selling in his writings. Always up-to-date with marketing developments, he has a BSc in Marketing from Keele University.

Write A Research Paper Like A Pro

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Ten Simple Rules For Structuring Papers

Ten Simple Rules For Structuring Papers Ideas that define both sides of an issue, argument or matter. Research will offer you the details, opinions, and facts you should develop your thesis. The finest place to conduct your analysis is the Patrick Power Library, where sources are plentiful, and help is all the time available at the Information Desk. Refer to your listing of phrases and ideas; select key phrases and topic headings to type into the Novanet catalogue. For the books that look attention-grabbing, write down the title, name quantity, and library. If the guide is at one other college, you'll be able to place a hold and have delivered to the SMU library. Think of various words, phrases and synonyms that describe your matter, so that you have a variety of phrases to make use of when conducting research. By making lists of these associated concepts your library research will progress more easily. Use the Paper Planner for a timeline on completing your task on time. Planning ahead will allow you time to fill in analysis gaps. This isn't a comprehensive manual covering the intricacies of analysis, writing, and formatting. Look at the titles of books and articles, do internet searches in your topic, and determine a narrower focus that pursuits you. One approach to slim a topic is to examine the Library of Congress Subject Headings, which is located at the Library Information Desk. Subject headings will lead you to associated and narrower ideas regarding your subject. Exceptionally exact tools, all the way down to the smallest details. Keep your reMarkable in its cowl whereas working. Designed in conjuction with reMarkable 2, Book Folio is sensible and functional protection in your paper pill. If you are not positive what to search for or how to fix one thing there are a selection of grammar assets available that may give you step by step guides on numerous key grammar points. Some folks prefer to plunge proper in and write the first thing that comes to mind. But many of these individuals could have already got a psychological define of what they wish to say and are prepared to put their jottings into some cohesive order later. A record of such manuals is provided at the end of this information. Marker Plus is an unrivalled digital writing instrument. A second sensor on the Marker Plus’ top finish, permits you to erase by simply flipping it upside down like a conventional pencil. Designed to ship simply the best friction and draw digital ink on reMarkable with incredibly low lag, Marker and Marker Plus are inseparable from the paper-like experience. Whatever methodology works for you, it is the end result that matters, not how you got there. Do not worry when you have no idea every little thing you are going to say before you start. Often it is just via the method of writing that ideas emerge. The body of the paper presents and discusses your evidence and arguments in paragraphs, every of which should have its own unity. An outline traces the event of your ideas, and provides a reference level to return to, if needed. In addition, it is a good suggestion to print out web pages you cite as references on your paper. Sometimes the document, webpage, or even the complete website just isn't accessible at a later date, and you can't then show its existence. It is helpful to put in writing down the titles of the indexes you could have searched, in case you have to do additional analysis later. Use the Novanet catalogue to seek out books on your topic. Use some sort of system to report your own impressions and thoughts about what you're reading. These concepts will kind an essential a part of your paper. The introduction includes a brief background on your subject, a thesis assertion, a mapping scheme, and engages the curiosity of the reader. Some type of a top level view is crucial to planning and organizing your concepts. Identify the main concern and the important thing factors you need to make. List any main themes into which the topic may be subdivided.

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Write My Paper Then I actually have bullet points for major comments and for minor comments. Minor comments could embody flagging the mislabeling of a figure within the text or a misspelling that adjustments the which means of a standard term. Overall, I attempt to make comments that may make the paper stronger. My tone could be very formal, scientific, and in third particular person. Follow directions concerning the format of the essay. Read by way of the entire project before writing. And now I am in the pleased scenario of solely experiencing late-review guilt on Friday afternoons, once I nonetheless have a while ahead of me to finish the week's evaluate. Bear in thoughts that one of the most dangerous traps a reviewer can fall into is failing to recognize and acknowledge their very own bias. To me, it is biased to succeed in a verdict on a paper based on how groundbreaking or novel the results are, for example. Also, I wouldn’t advise early-career researchers to sign their reviews, at least not till they either have a everlasting position or otherwise feel stable of their careers. Although I consider that each one established professors ought to be required to sign, the very fact is that some authors can maintain grudges towards reviewers. And we by no means know what findings will quantity to in a couple of years; many breakthrough research were not recognized as such for many years. So I can solely price what priority I imagine the paper ought to obtain for publication at present. The choice comes alongside throughout reading and making notes. If there are severe mistakes or missing parts, then I don't advocate publication. I often write down all of the issues that I noticed, good and bad, so my determination does not affect the content and length of my evaluate. an intriguing instanceâ€"for instance, Douglass writes about a mistress who initially teaches him however then ceases her instruction as she learns more about slavery. At the beginning of my career, I wasted quite a lot of energy feeling guilty about being behind in my reviewing. New requests and reminders from editors stored piling up at a sooner rate than I could complete the reviews and the issue seemed intractable. I nearly all the time do it in one sitting, something from 1 to 5 hours depending on the length of the paper. This varies widely, from a couple of minutes if there may be clearly a significant drawback with the paper to half a day if the paper is basically interesting but there are features that I do not understand. If the analysis introduced within the paper has serious flaws, I am inclined to suggest rejection, until the shortcoming can be remedied with an affordable amount of revising. My evaluations are likely to take the form of a abstract of the arguments in the paper, followed by a abstract of my reactions after which a sequence of the specific factors that I needed to boost. Mostly, I am trying to identify the authors’ claims in the paper that I didn't discover convincing and information them to ways that these points may be strengthened . If I discover the paper especially fascinating , I have a tendency to provide a extra detailed review as a result of I want to encourage the authors to develop the paper . My tone is one of attempting to be constructive and helpful although, of course, the authors may not agree with that characterization. My review begins with a paragraph summarizing the paper. I think a lot of reviewers method a paper with the philosophy that they're there to establish flaws. But I solely point out flaws if they matter, and I will ensure the evaluation is constructive. I attempt to be constructive by suggesting ways to enhance the problematic elements, if that is possible, and likewise attempt to hit a peaceful and friendly but in addition neutral and objective tone. I all the time comment on the form of the paper, highlighting whether or not it is properly written, has right grammar, and follows an accurate structure. When you ship criticism, your comments must be honest however all the time respectful and accompanied with ideas to enhance the manuscript. I try to act as a neutral, curious reader who wants to understand each detail. If there are things I struggle with, I will counsel that the authors revise components of their paper to make it more strong or broadly accessible. I wish to give them sincere feedback of the same kind that I hope to receive once I submit a paper. If you do not perceive the assignment, ask your instructor for clarification. There are helpful instruments in Microsoft Word that save us time. These fifty seven keyboard quick cuts will permit you to work more efficiently. If your friend is ready to predict the remainder of your paper accurately, you in all probability have an excellent introduction. If there is a main flaw or concern, I try to be sincere and back it up with evidence. I'm aiming to offer a comprehensive interpretation of the standard of the paper that shall be of use to both the editor and the authors. I only make a recommendation to just accept, revise, or reject if the journal particularly requests one. The determination is made by the editor, and my job as a reviewer is to supply a nuanced and detailed report on the paper to support the editor. I start with a short summary of the results and conclusions as a way to present that I even have understood the paper and have a basic opinion.

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Editing And Custom Writing Service

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How To Write A Publishable Paper As A Class Project

How To Write A Publishable Paper As A Class Project Thus, the title of the determine ought to communicate the conclusion of the analysis, and the legend ought to explain how it was accomplished. Figure making is an artwork unto itself; the Edward Tufte books stay the gold normal for learning this craft . Such a transparent progression of logical steps makes the paper easy to comply with. The construction of each introduction paragraph serves the objective of developing the gap. Try to think via the paper like a naïve reader who should first be made to care about the problem you are addressing and then will need to perceive your answer with minimal effort. The title not solely transmits the paper’s central contribution but can also function a relentless reminder to focus the text on transmitting that idea. Science is, in any case, the abstraction of easy principles from advanced data. The title is the final word refinement of the paper’s contribution. Thinking concerning the title earlyâ€"and frequently returning to hone itâ€"can help not only the writing of the paper but also the method of designing experiments or growing theories. The first four guidelines are ideas that apply to all of the components of a paper and further to other types of communication similar to grants and posters. The subsequent 4 guidelines take care of the first objectives of every of the principle elements of papers. The final two guidelines deliver guidance on the processâ€"heuristics for efficiently setting up manuscripts. Good scientific writing is essential to profession growth and to the progress of science. These four guidelines allow you to to keep away from shedding your reader. Here we current ten simple guidelines for structuring papers. The introduction mustn't include a broad literature evaluate past the motivation of the paper. This hole-focused structure makes it straightforward for knowledgeable readers to gauge the potential importance of a paperâ€"they solely have to assess the significance of the claimed gap. As an instance of the development of gaps, a primary paragraph could clarify why understanding cell differentiation is a crucial matter and that the field has not yet solved what triggers it . You should also allocate your time in accordance with the significance of each section. The title, summary, and figures are considered by way more folks than the rest of the paper, and the strategies section is learn least of all. Otherwise, each topic ought to be covered in only one place in order to decrease the variety of subject adjustments. Related sentences or paragraphs must be strung together somewhat than interrupted by unrelated material. Ideas which might be related, similar to two the reason why we should imagine something, ought to come one instantly after the opposite. The C-C-C scheme defines the construction of the paper on multiple scales. At the whole-paper scale, the introduction sets the context, the outcomes are the content, and the dialogue brings home the conclusion. Because you're the world’s leading expert at exactly what you are doing, you are also the world’s least qualified individual to judge your writing from the attitude of the naïve reader. The majority of writing mistakes stem from this predicament. Think like a designerâ€"for every element, determine the impression that you just need to have on people and then strive to realize that objective . Thus, the reader’s expertise is of main significance, and all writing serves this aim. When you write, you should constantly have your reader in thoughts. Figures, their titles, and legends are notably necessary because they present the most goal support of the steps that culminate within the paper’s claim. Moreover, figures are sometimes seen by readers who skip directly from the abstract in order to save time. Because the story has an overall arc, each paragraph should have a defined role in advancing this story. This role is greatest scrutinized at the outline stage to be able to scale back wasting time on wordsmithing paragraphs that don’t end up fitting inside the general story. A second paragraph might clarify what is unknown in regards to the differentiation of a specific cell type, similar to astrocytes . A third may present clues that a specific gene may drive astrocytic differentiation after which state that this hypothesis is untested . The gap statement sets the reader’s expectation for what the paper will ship. Only the central idea of the paper must be touched upon a number of occasions.

How To Write A Publishable Paper As A Class Project

How To Write A Publishable Paper As A Class Project Thus, the title of the determine ought to communicate the conclusion of the analysis, and the legend ought to explain how it was accomplished. Figure making is an artwork unto itself; the Edward Tufte books stay the gold normal for learning this craft . Such a transparent progression of logical steps makes the paper easy to comply with. The construction of each introduction paragraph serves the objective of developing the gap. Try to think via the paper like a naïve reader who should first be made to care about the problem you are addressing and then will need to perceive your answer with minimal effort. The title not solely transmits the paper’s central contribution but can also function a relentless reminder to focus the text on transmitting that idea. Science is, in any case, the abstraction of easy principles from advanced data. The title is the final word refinement of the paper’s contribution. Thinking concerning the title earlyâ€"and frequently returning to hone itâ€"can help not only the writing of the paper but also the method of designing experiments or growing theories. The first four guidelines are ideas that apply to all of the components of a paper and further to other types of communication similar to grants and posters. The subsequent 4 guidelines take care of the first objectives of every of the principle elements of papers. The final two guidelines deliver guidance on the processâ€"heuristics for efficiently setting up manuscripts. Good scientific writing is essential to profession growth and to the progress of science. These four guidelines allow you to to keep away from shedding your reader. Here we current ten simple guidelines for structuring papers. The introduction mustn't include a broad literature evaluate past the motivation of the paper. This hole-focused structure makes it straightforward for knowledgeable readers to gauge the potential importance of a paperâ€"they solely have to assess the significance of the claimed gap. As an instance of the development of gaps, a primary paragraph could clarify why understanding cell differentiation is a crucial matter and that the field has not yet solved what triggers it . You should also allocate your time in accordance with the significance of each section. The title, summary, and figures are considered by way more folks than the rest of the paper, and the strategies section is learn least of all. Otherwise, each topic ought to be covered in only one place in order to decrease the variety of subject adjustments. Related sentences or paragraphs must be strung together somewhat than interrupted by unrelated material. Ideas which might be related, similar to two the reason why we should imagine something, ought to come one instantly after the opposite. The C-C-C scheme defines the construction of the paper on multiple scales. At the whole-paper scale, the introduction sets the context, the outcomes are the content, and the dialogue brings home the conclusion. Because you're the world’s leading expert at exactly what you are doing, you are also the world’s least qualified individual to judge your writing from the attitude of the naïve reader. The majority of writing mistakes stem from this predicament. Think like a designerâ€"for every element, determine the impression that you just need to have on people and then strive to realize that objective . Thus, the reader’s expertise is of main significance, and all writing serves this aim. When you write, you should constantly have your reader in thoughts. Figures, their titles, and legends are notably necessary because they present the most goal support of the steps that culminate within the paper’s claim. Moreover, figures are sometimes seen by readers who skip directly from the abstract in order to save time. Because the story has an overall arc, each paragraph should have a defined role in advancing this story. This role is greatest scrutinized at the outline stage to be able to scale back wasting time on wordsmithing paragraphs that don’t end up fitting inside the general story. A second paragraph might clarify what is unknown in regards to the differentiation of a specific cell type, similar to astrocytes . A third may present clues that a specific gene may drive astrocytic differentiation after which state that this hypothesis is untested . The gap statement sets the reader’s expectation for what the paper will ship. Only the central idea of the paper must be touched upon a number of occasions.

Essay Writer 24

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Essay Help Writing A Paper Service 24

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Pay Someone To Write My Paper

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Can I Pay Someone To Write My Essay 24

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Can I Pay Someone To Write My Essay 24

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Sample on Should Government Make it Harder to Divorce

Sample on Should Government Make it Harder to Divorce Should Government Make it Harder to Divorce? May 31, 2019 in Argumentative Essay Introduction It is very easy to be dismissive about other peoples divorces. However, ones own divorce is always a big deal. Divorce is the abolition of marriage. As wedlock,divorce in the United States of Americais the sphere of authority of thecentral government, not thefederal one. Divorce or dissolution of marriage is a lawful procedure in which a judge gives legal dissolution to the existing lawful wedlock between couples, and after this, they are regarded to be single and have the possibility to marry someone else. Apart from this, there are certain important issues which are involved in the lawful procedure for divorce, namely, spousal assistance,child maintenance, child custodianship, dispensation of belongingand distribution of backlogs, and others. Unfortunately, divorces appear very frequent in nowadays life. Although almost everyone would agree that divorce should not be an easily procedure particularly if there are young children apart from this, there is one point of view that divo rce should be optional in order not to spoil childs health in dreadful atmosphere. That is why there is an argument whether the government should make it harder to divorce or not.

How Media Influence the Dress Up of College Students

COM 3204 Communication Research method (Project) Lim Yoke Theng I09004045 900525-08-5662 016-9263232 Angeline_fgc@Hotmail.com BMCMI 1C1 Mr Tamil Chellvan DECLARATION I hereby declare that the attached assignment is my own work and understand that if I am suspected of plagiarism or another form of cheating; my work will be referred to the Head of Programme who may as a result recommend to the School that my enrolment in the Programme he discontinued. Signature: HOW MEDIA INFLUENCE THE DRESS UP OF COLLEGE STUDENTS Lim Yoke Theng Faculty of Liberal Art INTI University College, Malaysia ABSTRACT This article presents a minor research examining the effects of how media†¦show more content†¦Since the prime target for most fashion magazine and TV program is young adults, samples of college-aged respondents were considered appropriate for this study. The different culture traditions of different nations may impact the dress-up style to class through one particular mechanism, which is included in the survey. The pairing of styles with programs’ stars may provide important fashion information about accessories and dress-up tips for college students since they are growing up to be adults. Based on the different objectives, four hypotheses were advanced for this study. H1: Fashion information in media influence the spending habit of college students College students have the ability to earn pocket money; the spending habit is different compared to the previous days when they still have not the ability to earn extra allowance. The personalities of college students are easiest to influence at this stage of life because they are still young and immature. Objective of this hypothesis is to find out how strong the media can influence the fashion of college students H2: Amount of females and males are equal get used to wear casual attire toShow MoreRelatedImpact Of A Mediated Society On Society1735 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of a Mediated Society Mass media has a direct and enormous affect on the current society from pop culture gossip to education among schools. The media is not only present in the environment but goes to lengths to control and dictate the feelings and perceptions of the current generation. Given that technology constantly reaches kids at younger ages, the prevalent existence influences children at younger years as time passes. Living in a highly mediated society shapes the way people seeRead MoreThe Media and Hollywood in Particular, Represent One Avenue in Which the General Public Becomes Familiar with the Role of Nurses. How Do the Media Positively or Negatively Influence the Public’s Image of Nursing? What1172 Words   |  5 PagesThe media and Hollywood in particular, represent one avenue in which the general public becomes familiar with the role of nurses. How do the media positively or negatively influence the public’s image of nursing? What other avenues may better educate the general public on the role and scope of nursing as well as the changing health care system? The media is known to have immense influences on the public perception from body images to what kind of car people should buy. And the nursing image isRead MoreHow Do Gender Stereotypes Affect The Decisions Our Youth?1358 Words   |  6 PagesChristine Lin Hill TPSP, P5 26 October 2014 Rough Draft One: How do gender stereotypes affect the decisions our youth makes and ultimately their careers? Being the same age, having the same economic security, living in the same neighborhood, boys and girls obtain different career paths and positions. Gender stereotypes prevent an equal distribution of men and women in fields of work do to the strong influences by the education system, the media, and family. To start off, gender stereotypes are â€Å"one-sidedRead MoreEssay on Media Impacts and College Life1485 Words   |  6 PagesFrom the Inside Looking Out As a college female growing up in a media-crazed age, I am deeply troubled and affected by the medias support of the thin ideology. I am a classic example of the medias impact on females and the downward spiral of self-satisfaction. Being present in the center of college life, I am in the midst of the hormonal sea of students. Whether its at class or watching the sorority and fraternity kids run around during rush week, there is always chasing for approval betweenRead MoreSocial Construction Theory And Social Class1270 Words   |  6 Pagesoccupation. Social class is socially constructed by the way we view how much income and wealth a person possess (Ore, 20011a, 10). In reality it is much more than that. According to the text, poverty is not only the shortage of income, but it is the rejection of opportunities and choices that leads a person to a standard way of living (Ore, 2011a, 10). Stereotyping also contributes to it being socially constructed. These stereotypes influence us b y defining who is who based on their principles in each classRead MoreMedia Influences our Children1181 Words   |  5 PagesMedia Effect on Today’s Youth Media plays a strong hand in the development of a child in society. Youth are easily influenced and could think actions of unsavory morals are appropriate because it was in media. This is a major problem today as the news make reports of children intentionally committing crimes as big as murder. Children are experimenting with drugs and alcohol at an earlier age and there is even a show dedicated to teen moms on MTV. Of course, media is not the only force at fault hereRead MoreIn what way did post war prosperity bring social change to Britain 1951-1964?1329 Words   |  6 Pagesdifferent society to which their parents grew up in. Leading up to the year 1964 there were many social tensions, changes in attitudes and significant shifts i population which can identify how Britain’s society had changed dramatically. After 1951 you could say Britain experienced a â€Å"demographic change† . Birth rates ran consistently against death rates, an explanation for this could be the advances in medical treatments which improved under the influence of the welfare state this then led to an increaseRead MoreAfrican American Stereotypes. Paper1208 Words   |  5 Pagesin the media, history, and in everyday life. Although some stereotypes are true, many are harmful and inaccurate. African American stereotypes are generalizations about the behavior of African Americans originated mainly in American culture and derived from how slave owners used to view slaves. African American stereotypes allow someone from getting to know a person their self. If someone has one bad interaction with an African American, they will limit their selves from getting to know how AfricanRead MoreThe Correlation Between Disney Movies and Poor Body Image in Young Women1406 Words   |  6 PagesDisney was named the worlds second top media company in the US for the year 2004. They have produced over 44 â€Å"classics† and are one of the most recognized names in animated film (Peterson).We expose young girls to these animated films at a very young age, yet doing so does not seem to be good for these children. Disney’s movies are littered with a virtually unattainable image of what a woman should look like and feeding such images to girls at a young age is wrong and causes lo w self esteem andRead MoreSexual Assault On College Campuses Is An Increasingly Serious1620 Words   |  7 PagesSexual assault on college campuses is an increasingly serious issue in The United States. Approximately 25% of female college students will experience a sexual assault by the time they graduate, and many of them will not report their attack (Perez-Pena, 2015). This has come to the nation’s attention, and multiple interventions have been put in place to try and reduce the number of sexual assaults. One of these programs is the Bystander Intervention Program, which helps educate individuals so that

WWII The White Rose Society

The White Rose was a non-violent resistance group based in Munich during World War II. Comprised largely of University of Munich students, the White Rose published and distributed several pamphlets speaking out against Third Reich. The group was destroyed in 1943 when many of its key members were caught and executed. Origins of the White Rose One of the most noteworthy resistance groups operating within Nazi Germany, the White Rose was initially led by Hans Scholl. A student at the University of Munich, Scholl had previously been a member of the Hitler Youth but left in 1937, after being influenced by the ideals of the German Youth Movement. A medical student, Scholl became increasing interested in the arts and inwardly began to question the Nazi regime. This was reinforced in 1941 after Scholl attended a sermon by Bishop August von Galen with his sister Sophie. An outspoken opponent of Hitler, von Galen railed against the Nazis euthanasia policies. Moving to Action Horrified, Scholl, along with his friends Alex Schmorell and George Wittenstein were moved to action and began planning a pamphlet campaign. Carefully growing their organization by adding like-minded students, the group took the name The White Rose in reference to B. Travens novel about peasant exploitation in Mexico. Through the early summer of 1942, Schmorell and Scholl wrote four leaflets which called for both passive and active opposition to the Nazi government. Copied on a typewriter, approximately 100 copies were made and distributed around Germany. As the Gestapo maintained a strict system of surveillance, distribution was limited to leaving copies in public phonebooks, mailing them to professors and students, as well as sending them by secret courier to other schools. Typically, these couriers were female students who were able to travel more freely around the country than their male counterparts. Quoting heavily from religious and philosophical sources, the leaflets attempted to appeal to the German intelligentsia who the White Rose believed would support their cause. As this initial wave of pamphlets was unleashed, Sophie, now a student at the university, learned of her brothers activities. Against his wishes, she joined the group as an active participant. Shortly after Sophies arrival, Christoph Probst was added to the group. Remaining in the background, Probst was unusual in that he was married and the father of three children. In the summer of 1942, several members of the group, including Scholl, Wittenstein, and Schmorell were sent to Russia to work as physicians assistants at German field hospitals. While there, they befriended another medical student, Willi Graf, who became a member of the White Rose upon their return to Munich that November. During their time in Poland and Russia, the group was horrified to witness the German treatment of Polish Jews and Russian peasants. Resuming their underground activities, the White Rose was soon aided by Professor Kurt Huber. A teacher of philosophy, Huber advised Scholl and Schmorell and aided in editing text for leaflets. Having obtained a duplicating machine, the White Rose issued its fifth leaflet in January 1943 and ultimately printed between 6,000-9,000 copies. Following the fall of Stalingrad in February 1943, the Scholls and Schmorell asked Huber to compose a leaflet for the group. While Huber wrote, members of the White Rose launched a risky graffiti campaign around Munich. Carried out on the nights of February 4, 8, and 15, the groups campaign struck twenty-nine sites in the city. His writing completed, Huber passed his leaflet to Scholl and Schmorell, who edited it slightly before mailing it out between February 16 and 18. The groups sixth leaflet, Hubers, proved to be its last. Capture and Trial On February 18, 1943, Hans and Sophie Scholl arrived on campus with a large suitcase full of leaflets. Hurriedly moving through the building, they left stacks outside of full lecture halls. Having completed this task, they realized that a large number remained in the suitcase. Entering the upper level of the Universitys atrium, they tossed the remaining leaflets in the air and let them float down to the floor below. This reckless action was seen by custodian Jakob Schmid who promptly reported the Scholls to the police. Quickly arrested, the Scholls were among eighty people seized by the police over the next few days. When he was captured, Hans Scholl had with him a draft of another leaflet which had been written by Christoph Probst. This led to Probsts immediate capture. Moving swiftly, Nazi officials convened the Volksgerichtshof (Peoples Court) to try the three dissidents. On February 22, the Scholls and Probst were found guilty of political offenses by the notorious Judge Roland Freisler. Sentenced to death by beheading, they were taken to the guillotine that afternoon. The deaths of Probst and the Scholls were followed on April 13 by the trial of Graf, Schmorell, Huber, and eleven others associated with the organization. Schmorell had nearly escaped to Switzerland but had been forced to turn back due to heavy snow. Like those before them, Huber, Schmorell, and Graf were sentenced to death, however, the executions were not carried out until July 13 (Huber Schmorell) and October 12 (Graf). All but one of the others received jail terms of six months to ten years. A third trial for White Rose members Wilhelm Geyer, Harald Dohrn, Josef Soehngen, and Manfred Eickemeyer began on July 13, 1943. Ultimately, all but Soehngen (6 months in jail) were acquitted due to a lack of evidence. This was largely due to Gisela Schertling, a White Rose member who had turned states evidence, recanting her previous statements about their involvement. Wittenstein managed to escape by transferring to the Eastern Front, where the Gestapo did not have jurisdiction. Heroes of the New Germany Despite the capture and execution of the groups leaders, the White Rose had the last say against Nazi Germany. The organizations final leaflet was successfully smuggled out of Germany and received by the Allies. Printed in large numbers, millions of copies were air-dropped over Germany by Allied bombers. With the wars end in 1945, the members of the White Rose were made heroes of the new Germany and the group came to represent the peoples resistance to tyranny. Since that time, several movies and plays have portrayed the groups activities. Sources â€Å"Holocaust Resistance.†Ã‚  Suleyman, www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/the-white-rose-a-lesson-in-dissent.Gill, ANTON. â€Å"Protest of the Youth.†Ã‚  Literature of the Holocaust, www.writing.upenn.edu/~afilreis/Holocaust/gill-white-rose.html.Wittenstein, George J. â€Å"Memories of the White Rose .†Ã‚  The History Place - World War II in Europe Timeline, www.historyplace.com/pointsofview/white-rose1.htm.

Top 10 Characteristics of schools that are Multicultural Free Essays

1. The school curriculum incorporates the contributions of many cultural groups and integrates multiple perspectives throughout it. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Top 10 Characteristics of schools that are Multicultural or any similar topic only for you Order Now Teachers and administrators are able to deal with questions of race, inter- group relations, and controversial realities on an objective, frank, and professional basis. 3. Differences in academic achievement levels disappear between males and females, dominant and oppressed group members, and upper-middle-class and low-income students. 4. Instructional materials are free of biases, omissions, and stereotypes. 5. The teachers and administrators show respect for the students’ first languages and dialects 6. Cultural differences are treated as differences, rather than as deficiencies that must be addressed in compensatory programs. 7. Students are able to use their own cultural resources and voices to develop new skills and to critically explore subject matter. 8. Students learn to recognize and confront inequities in school and society. 9. The composition of the faculty, administration, and other staff accurately reflects the pluralistic composition of the United States. 10. The faculty, administrators, and other staff see themselves as learners enhanced and changed by understanding, affirming, and reflecting cultural diversity. I feel that theses top ten characteristics are list in the correct order from most important to least important. Even though I do not feel there should be something that is not as important when it comes to this subject. I think that each of all ten is just as important. My first important is the school making sure that they incorporate different kinds of cultural groups into their class room this makes it so that all the student know what their cultural believes are they are all included in the class. I also feel it is important that teachers are able to deal with questions and have an understanding of how to answer the question about the different cultural. Gollnick, D. , Chinn, P. (2006). Multicultural education in a pluralistic society. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Merrill Prentice Hall How to cite Top 10 Characteristics of schools that are Multicultural, Papers

Turning point in history free essay sample

In general, the citizens of that time felt negatively toward the idea of taxation. The farmers of western Pennsylvania, many of whom distilled whiskey and profited from its sale, proved outright hostile to the idea. In July of 1 794, a force of disaffected whiskey rebels attacked and destroyed the home of a tax inspector. The rebellion grew in numbers, if not in actions, and threatened to spread to other states. Hamilton knew that the presence of a large and potentially hostile force in Pennsylvania could not be tolerated.If the government were to survive, it would have to show itself capable of keeping control. Hamilton advocated the use of military force; President George Washington instead put Tate militias on the ready and sent in negotiators. When talks proved fruitless, Washington acquiesced to Hamiltonians view. A force of 13,000 militia troops, led by Hamilton and Virginia governor Henry Lee, marched into western Pennsylvania. By the time the federal force arrived, the rebellion had collapsed and most of the rebels had fled. We will write a custom essay sample on Turning point in history or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Two men were convicted of treason and later pardoned by Washington. Alexander Hamilton was elated. The fledgling federal government had proven it could keep order a necessity if the U. S. Was to avoid instability. But many, in particular Thomas Jefferson, thought that this resort to military force was a dangerous mistake. It convinced them that Hamilton was a dangerous man. Two-party system is a state in which just two parties dominate. Other parties might exist but they have no political importance.America has the most obvious two-party political system with the Republicans and Democrats dominating the political scene. For the system to work, one of the parties must obtain a sufficient working majority after an election and it must be in a position to be able to govern without the support from the other party. A rotation of power is expected in this system. The victory of George W Bush in the November 2000 election, fulfils this aspect of the definition. The two- party system presents the voter with a simple choice and it is believed that the system promotes political moderation as the incumbent party must be able to appeal to the floating voters within that country. Those who do not support the System claim that it leads to unnecessary policy reversals if a party loses a election as the newly elected government seeks to impose its mark on the country that has just elected it to power. Such sweeping reversals, it is claimed, cannot benefit the state in the short and long term.

Motif Project of Non-Fictional Charcters in the Scarlett Let essays

Motif Project of Non-Fictional Charcters in the Scarlett Let essays This rose-bush, by a strange chance, has been kept alive in history; but whether it had merely survived out of the stern old wilderness, so long after the fall of the gigantic pines and oaks that originally overshadowed it, or whether, as there is fair authority for believing, it had sprung up under the footsteps of the sainted Ann Hutchinson as she entered the prison-door, we shall not take upon us to determine. In 1636, Anne Hutchinson (1591-1643) was charged with heresy and banished from the Massachusetts Colony. A woman of learning and great religious conviction, Hutchinson challenged the Puritan clergy and asserted her view of the Covenant of Grace that moral conduct and piety should not be the primary qualifications for visible sanctification. Her preachings were unjustly labeled antinomianism by the Puritans a heresy since the Christian leaders of that day held to a strong Covenant of Works teaching, which dictated the need for outward signs of Gods grace. What began as quibbling over fine points of Christian doctrine ended as a confrontation over the role of authority in the colony. Threatened by meetings she held in her Boston home, the clergy charged Hutchinson with blasphemy. An outspoken female in a male hierarchy, Hutchinson had little hope that many would speak in her defense, and she was being tried by the General Court. After being sentenced, she went with her family to wh at is now Rhode Island. Several years later, she moved to New York, where she and some of her family were massacred by Indians. Ann Hutchinson was a non-fictional character who was used in The Scarlet Letter as a historical vehicle to underscore Hesters unfair, close-minded treatment by Puritan law. Her shameful punishment for refusing to conform was used as a parallel to Prynnes. By referring to Hutchinson as sainted, it was clear tha...

Thomas Edisons Greatest Inventions

Thomas Edisons Greatest Inventions The legendary inventor Thomas Edison was the father of landmark inventions, including  the phonograph, the modern light bulb, the electrical grid, and motion pictures. Heres a look at a few of his greatest hits.   The Phonograph   Bettmann  / Contributor  / Getty Images   Thomas Edison’s first great invention was the tin foil phonograph. While working to improve the efficiency of a telegraph transmitter, he noticed that the tape of the machine gave off a noise that resembled spoken words when played at a high speed. This led him to wonder if he could record a telephone message.   He began experimenting with the diaphragm of a telephone receiver by attaching a needle to it based on the reasoning that the needle could prick paper tape to record a message. His experiments led him to try a stylus on a tinfoil cylinder, which, to his great surprise, played back the short message he recorded, Mary had a little lamb. The word phonograph was the trade name for Edisons device, which played cylinders rather than discs. The machine had two needles: one for recording and one for playback. When you spoke into the mouthpiece, the sound vibrations of your voice would be indented onto the cylinder by the recording needle. The cylinder phonograph, the first machine that could record and reproduce sound, created a sensation and brought Edison international fame. The date given for Edisons completion of the model for the first phonograph was August 12, 1877. It is more likely, however, that work on the model was not finished until November or December of that year since he did not file for the patent until December 24, 1877. He toured the country with the tin foil phonograph and was invited to the White House to demonstrate the device to President Rutherford B. Hayes in April 1878. In 1878, Thomas Edison established the Edison Speaking Phonograph Company to sell the new machine. He suggested other uses for the phonograph, such as letter writing and dictation, phonographic books for blind people, a family record (recording family members in their own voices), music boxes and toys, clocks that announce the time and a connection with the telephone so communications could be recorded. The phonograph also led to other spin-off inventions. For example, while the Edison Company had been fully devoted to the cylinder phonograph, Edison associates began developing their own disc player and discs in secret due to concern over the rising popularity of discs. And in 1913, the Kinetophone was introduced, which attempted to synchronize motion pictures with the sound of a phonograph cylinder record. A Practical Light Bulb   Thomas Edisons greatest challenge was the development of a practical incandescent, electric light. Bettmann  / Contributor  / Getty Images Contrary to popular belief, he didnt invent the lightbulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea. In 1879, using lower current electricity, a small carbonized filament and an improved vacuum inside the globe, he was able to produce a reliable, long-lasting source of light.   The idea of electric lighting was not new. A number of people had worked on and even developed forms of electric lighting. But up to that time, nothing had been developed that was remotely practical for home use. Edisons achievement was inventing not just an incandescent electric light, but also an electric lighting system that contained all the elements necessary to make the incandescent light practical, safe, and economical. He accomplished this when he was able to come up with an incandescent lamp with a filament of carbonized sewing thread that burned for thirteen and a half hours. There are a couple of other interesting things about the invention of the light bulb. While most of the attention has been given to the discovery of the ideal filament that made it work, the invention of seven other system elements were just as critical to the practical application of electric lights as an alternative to the gas lights that were prevalent in that day. These elements included: The parallel circuitA durable light bulbAn improved dynamoThe underground conductor networkThe devices for maintaining constant voltageSafety fuses and insulating materialsLight sockets with on-off switches And before Edison could make his millions, every one of these elements had to be tested through careful trial and error and developed further into practical, reproducible components. The first public demonstration of the Thomas Edisons incandescent lighting system was at the Menlo Park laboratory complex in December of 1879.   Industrialized Electrical Systems On September 4, 1882, the first commercial power station, located on Pearl Street in lower Manhattan, went into operation, providing light and electricity power to customers in a one square mile area. This marked the beginning of the electric age as the modern electric utility industry has since evolved from the early gas and electric carbon-arc commercial and street lighting systems. Thomas Edisons Pearl Street electricity-generating station introduced four key elements of a modern electric utility system. It featured reliable central generation, efficient distribution, a successful end use (in 1882, the light bulb) and a competitive price. A model of efficiency for its time, Pearl Street used one-third the fuel of its predecessors, burning about 10 pounds of coal per kilowatt hour, a heat rate equivalent of about 138,000 Btu per kilowatt hour.   Initially, the Pearl Street utility served 59 customers for about 24 cents per kilowatt hour. In the late 1880s, power demand for electric motors dramatically altered the industry. It went from mainly providing nighttime lighting to becoming a 24-hour service due to high electricity demand for transportation and industry needs. By the end of the 1880s, small central stations dotted many U.S. cities, though each was limited in size to a few blocks because of direct current’s transmission inefficiencies. Eventually, the success of his electric light brought Thomas Edison to new heights of fame and wealth as electricity spread around the world. His various electric companies continued to grow until they were brought together to form Edison General Electric in 1889.   Despite the use of his name in the company title, Edison never controlled this company. The tremendous amount of capital needed to develop the incandescent lighting industry would necessitate the involvement of investment bankers such as J.P. Morgan. And when Edison General Electric merged with leading competitor Thompson-Houston in 1892, Edison was dropped from the name and the company became, simply, General Electric. Motion Pictures Bettmann  / Contributor  / Getty Images   Thomas Edisons interest in motion pictures began before 1888, but it was English photographer Eadweard Muybridge’s visit to his laboratory in West Orange in February of that year that inspired him to invent a camera for motion pictures.   Muybridge had proposed that they collaborate and combine the Zoopraxiscope with the Edison phonograph. Edison was intrigued but decided not to participate in such a partnership because he felt that the Zoopraxiscope was not a very practical or efficient method  of recording motion.   However, he liked the concept and filed a caveat with the Patents Office on October 17, 1888, that described his ideas for a device that would do for the eye what the phonograph does for the ear- record and reproduce objects in motion. The device, called a Kinetoscope, was combination of the Greek words kineto meaning movement and scopos meaning to watch.† Edison’s team finished development on the Kinetoscope in 1891. One of Edisons first motion pictures (and the first motion picture ever copyrighted) showed his employee Fred Ott pretending to sneeze. The major problem at the time, though, was that good film for motion pictures was not available.   That all changed in 1893 when Eastman Kodak began supplying motion picture film stock, making it possible for Edison to step up the production of new motion pictures. To do this, he built a motion picture production studio in New Jersey that had a roof that could be opened to let in daylight. The entire building was constructed so that it could be moved to stay in line with the sun. C. Francis Jenkins and Thomas Armat invented a film projector called the Vitascope and asked Edison to supply the films and manufacture the projector under his name. Eventually, the Edison Company developed its own projector, known as the Projectoscope, and stopped marketing the Vitascope. The first motion pictures shown in a movie theater in America were presented to audiences on April 23, 1896, in New York City.

Cheating In School Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Cheating In School - Essay Example This report stresses that parents can contribute to their children lack of study due to busy schedules where they may end up typing their assignments or assisting them in their science projects. This type of behavior from parents sends the wrong message that if someone parents another person’s work is okay and the kids understand that getting higher grades is more important. In Kindergarten to the second grade, cheating is considered a very old school where it entails copying another classmate’s homework, also seeking someone work. Cheating sometimes is seen as a tool for getting ahead, and this makes students develop cheating skills to be successful. This paper makes a conclusion that cheating in school is increasing at a high rate due to lack of tough laws and regulations that deal with suspected students who have been accused of cheating. Schools have stipulated that cheating occur in different forms like plagiarism, copying in exams, assisting a student to do their exams or prohibiting a student not to finish their assignment. Curbing cheating should start at the elementary level so that kids can grow to know that cheating is wrong, and this creates a moral code in their lifetime. Some kids at the elementary level do not know that some form of cheating falls under categories of cheating and therefore it is the role of the teachers and parents to make sure that they inform such young children what exactly is cheating. This extends to submitting another person’s work as their own.

Irony in the cask of amontillado by edgar allan poe Essay

Irony in the cask of amontillado by edgar allan poe - Essay Example There are several instances where the author uses obvious irony in the story. For instance, fatherryan.org notes that Montresor uses the word â€Å"friend† to refer to Fortunato. Ironically, he uses this term to refer to a man that he hates so much that he wishes could be dead. Another use of irony is obviously evident in the motto on Montresor’s coat of arms. Ironically the motto is an explicit warning to Fortunato, but Fortunato does not fully comprehend this fact. Other instances where the author uses irony include when Montresor toasts to Fortunato’s long life. Additionally, the masonry dialogue is obvious use of irony (fatherryan.org para.4). The author also uses subtle irony on several instances. For instance, towards the end of the story, Montresor felt his heart had grown sick. However this was not due to the remorse he felt from the cruelty of his actions, but due to the extreme dampness of the catacombs, which had become too much for him. Subtle irony is also evident almost throughout the story’s dialogue. The story’s conclusion is evidently ironic in the sense that irony fails to be possible any longer when Fortunato is finally aware of everything that is going on (fatherryan.org para.5). The author uses verbal and dramatic irony in numerous instances in the story to develop suspense, add some sense of macabre humor, and foreshadow the story’s ending. This is evident in the title, Fortunato’s name, Fortunato’s costume, and the author’s reference to mansions. The story’s title, cask, means a wine barrel. It is derived from a similar root word that forms casket, which means coffin. Therefore, the story’s title figuratively represents his casket. Another example of irony in the story is in Fortunato’s name. The name literary translates to luck or good fortune in Italian. Ironically, Fortunato is always unfortunate and headed to his death. Similarly, Fortunato’s costume is ironic because he dresses like a court jester,

Motorolas Tools And Techniques Of Tqm Information Technology Essay

Motorolas Tools And Techniques Of Tqm Information Technology Essay This research paper is made about Motorola Inc. America, and describes how Motorola started its operation like an ordinary firm and reached to the zenith of excellence by developing and implementing new quality control techniques. Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) is the core technique of continuous improvement program of TQM which was first developed and implemented by Motorola inc. Further more, it tells about how and why firm ought to adopt the Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) techniques for their success. The data integrated in this research is exclusively presented by the help of various informative sources. Other than focusing the Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) program the research also tells about why and how the organizations continuously strive to capture largest market share in tight completive environment by using different tools of total quality management. Overall the research embeds the importance of total quality management, its significance to gain a competitive edge and remarkable breakthroughs in the history of organizations. Motorola is a well known American multinational telecommunication company based in Schaumburg, Illinois. It is the manufacturer of wireless telephone handsets, and also designs and sells wireless network infrastructure equipment such as cellular transmission base stations and signal amplifiers. They have achieved a high level of success throughout the world by being innovative and promoting creativity among their employees. This companys prosperity is dependent upon developing cutting edge technology and in new product design. To accomplish these goals, Motorola actively encourages employees to generate creative ideas, challenge conventional thinking, and look towards the future. Motorolas home and broadcast network products include set-top boxes, digital video recorders, and network equipment used to enable video broadcasting, computer telephony, and high-definition television. Motorola uses TQM techniques to be successful and improve employee creativity within the organization. Some of these methods include employee empowerment and risk taking, training and education techniques, participative management, and team collaboration. The innovation of TQM technique is one of the fundamental stand of Motorola Inc. Motorolas business and government customers consist mainly of wireless voice and broadband systems used to build private networks and public safety communications systems like Astro and Dimetra. Motorolas handset division is now focusing on smartphones using Googles open-source Android mobile operating system. Motorola Vision Statement: Our history is rich. Our future is dynamic. We are Motorola and the spirit of invention is what drives us. Motorola Mission Statement: We are a global communications leader powered by a passion to invent and an unceasing commitment to advance the way the world connects. Our communication solutions allow people, businesses and governments to be more connected and more mobile. Motorola Slogan: Hello Moto Motorola has a successfully working TQM process. Motorolas fundamental objective is Total Customer Satisfaction. They have won the Baldrige award and are corporate leaders in TQM. HISTORY Motorola started in Chicago, Illinois as Galvin Manufacturing Corporation in 1928 with its first product being a battery eliminator. The name Motorola was adopted in 1930, and the word has been used as a trademark since the 1930s. Founders Paul Galvin and Joseph Galvin came up with the name Motorola when the company started manufacturing car radios in 1930; the name is a combination of motor and the suffix ola. Many of Motorolas Products have been radio-related, starting with a battery eliminator for radios, through the first walkie-talkie in the world in 1940, defense electronics, cellular infrastructure equipment, and mobile phone manufacturing. In 1943, Motorola went public and in 1947, the name changed to its present name. The present logo was introduced in 1955. In 1952, Motorola opened its first international subsidiary in Toronto, Canada to produce radios and televisions. In 1953, Motorola established the Motorola Foundation to support leading universities in the United States. In 1955, years after Motorola started its research and development laboratory in Phoenix, Arizona to research new solid-state technology, Motorola introduced the worlds first commercial high-power germanium-based transistor. Beginning in 1958 with Explorer 1, Motorola provided radio equipment for most NASA space-flights for decades including during the 1969 moon landing. In 1960, Motorola introduced the worlds first large-screen (19-inch), transistorized, cordless portable television. In 1963, Motorola, which had very successfully begun making televisions in 1947 introduced the worlds first truly rectangular color TV picture tube which quickly became the industry standard. In 1974, Motorola sold its television business to the Japan-based parent company of Panasonic. In 1976, Motorola moved to its present headquarters in Schaumburg. In September 1983, the firm made history when the FCC approved the DynaTAC 8000X telephone, the worlds first-only commercial cellular device. By 1998, cell phones accounted for two-thirds of Motorolas gross revenue. The company was also strong in semiconductor technology, including integrated circuits used in computers. Motorola has been the main supplier for the microprocessors used in Atari ST, Commodore Amiga, Color Computer, and Apple Macintosh personal computers. The PowerPC family was developed with IBM and in a partnership with Apple (known as the AIM alliance). Motorola also has a diverse line of communication products, including satellite systems, digital cable boxes and modems. In 1986, Motorola invented the Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) quality improvement process. This became a global standard, in 1990. In June 2000, Motorola and Cisco supplied the worlds first commercial GPRS cellular network. In 2002 Motorola introduced the worlds first wireless cable modem gateway which combined a high-speed cable modem router with an Ethernet switch and wireless home gateway. In 2003, Motorola introduced the worlds first handset to combine a Linux operating system and Java technology with full PDA functionality. MOTOROLAS SIX SIGMA PROGRAM Motorola invented the Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) quality improvement process in 1986 and in 1988, Motorola Corp. became one of the first companies to receive the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award. The award strives to identify those  excellent firms that are worthy role models for other businesses. One of Motorolas innovations that attracted a great deal of attention was its Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) program. Motorola Saved $22 Billion from 1986 to 2009, reflecting hundreds of individual successes in all Motorola business areas including: Sales and Marketing Product design Manufacturing Customer service Transactional processes Supply chain management. To quantitatively measure the performances Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) uses statistical analysis. That process can involve manufacturing, business practices, products, or service. To be defined as Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) means that the process does not produce more than 3.4 defects per million opportunities (DPMO) which translates to 99.9997% efficiency. A Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) defect is considered anything that can cause customer dissatisfaction, such as being outside of customer specifications. A Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) opportunity is the total number of chances for a defect to occur. Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) Concept The Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) concept was developed by Motorola in 1986 with the stated goal of improving manufacturing processes and reducing product defects and variation. Building on earlier quality improvement methods, Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) assumes the following: Ongoing efforts to achieve stable, predictable process results are essential for business success Manufacturing and business processes have characteristics that can be measured, analyzed, improved, and controlled Sustained quality improvement requires commitment from the entire organization Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) Implementation In order to achieve Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) performance, the causes of manufacturing and business process defects and variation must be identified and eliminated. Two Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) sub-methodologies were developed for this purpose: DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) and DMADV (Define, Measure, Analyze, Design, Verify). DMAIC is used to improve existing processes that are below specification; DMADV is used to develop new processes or products at Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) levels. Borrowing martial arts terminology, a key innovation of Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) was the creation of a professional quality management hierarchy. This structure works to involve all levels of the organization in the success of Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) projects: Executive Leadership includes the CEO and other top management Champions, drawn from upper management, are responsible for Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) implementation across the organization Master Black Belts, identified by champions or by executive leadership, function as in-house coaches, mentors, and trainers; 100% of their time is devoted to Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) to ensure business and leadership alignment Black Belts focus on the application of Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) methodology to specific projects; 100% of their time is devoted to Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) Green Belts are involved with Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) implementation along with other job responsibilities Lean Sigma is a current industry trend in which a process is made lean through efficiency improvements before Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) is applied to reduce variation. Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) Calculation In order to calculate Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™), the engineers at Motorola set up a scale to evaluate the quality of a process based on these defect calculations. At the top of the scale is Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™), which equates to 3.4 DPMO, or 99.9997% defect-free. In other words, if you have a process running at Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™), youve almost eliminated all defects its nearly perfect. Of course, most processes dont run at Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™). They run at Five Sigma, Four Sigma or worse. Heres the full scale to get an appreciation of the numbers involved. The calculation of a sigma level is based on the number of defects per million opportunities (DPMO). The formula to calculate DPMO is: DPMO = If, for example, there are 38 defects, 10,000 units and one defect opportunity/unit, the results would be: DPMO 3,800 Defects (%) 0.38 Yield (%) 99.62 Process sigma 4.17 Motorola and other software have devices several soft wares that easily calculate sigma of a process or activity. The table given below maps the Sigma and %accuracy. Sigma Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO) % Accuracy One Sigma 691,500 30.85% Two Sigma 308,500 69.15% Three Sigma 66,810 93.32% Four Sigma 6,210 99.38% Five Sigma 233 99.977% Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) 3.4 99.9997% Seven Sigma 0.020 99.999998% LSL lower sigma level USL: upper sigma level Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) Benefits Achieving measurable and quantifiable financial goals (cost reduction/profit increase) with Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) projects sets this methodology apart from other quality improvement tactics. Financial benefits of potential process improvement projects are used to help prioritize the projects; these benefits are then reassessed during the analyze phase of both DMAIC and DMADV and verified in the control phase of DMAIC and the verify phase of DMADV. Closely linking Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) projects to a companys bottom line gives everyone in the organization a stake in the success of these projects. It also helps identify projects that involve critical-to-quality aspects of the process and will provide substantial process improvement. Scores of organizations continue to improve their performance by taking advantage of their Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) process. Since Motorola implemented its Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) process in 1987, their results have included: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Sales growth of greater than 300 percent. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Employee productivity growth of more than 12.3 percent per year. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Elimination of more than 99.7 percent of in-process defects. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Reduction by 84 percent of costs associated with poor quality. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Savings of $11 billion in manufacturing costs. By the late 1990s, approximately two-thirds of Fortune 500 companies had started Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) projects; as of 2009, Motorola had reported more than $19 billion in savings as a result of Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™). In addition to significant financial gain, Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) provides organizations with the methodology and structure to make decisions based on verifiable data and statistical analysis and thereby to achieve measurable quality improvements in manufacturing and business processes. Six Sigma (6à Ã†â€™) projects are truly a win-win situation as product quality is greatly improved while product defects and variation are reduced, employees are meaningfully involved in the outcome of the projects, company profitability is measurably increased, and customer loyalty and satisfaction are significantly enhanced. PLAN-DO-CHECK-ACT (PDCA) Motorolas PDCA is a problem solving process and consist of a Plan to identify and analyze the problem, Do, to develop and implement solutions, Check to evaluate the results, and Act to standardize the solution, capitalizing on opportunities. Demings Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle Plan select and analyze the problem Do implement the solution Check check the results of the change Act act to standardize the solution for the long-term PARETO CHART The Pareto chart is a very useful tool which Motorola uses to separate the important from the trivia. The chart, first promoted by Dr. Joseph Juran, is named after Italian economist/sociologist Vilfredo Pareto (1848-1923). He had the insight to recognize that in the real world a minority of causes lead to the majority of problems. This is known as the Pareto principle. Pick a category, and the Pareto principle will usually hold. For example, Motorola has found that all the kinds of problems that can be named are only about 20% of them who produce 80% of the product defects; 80% of the cost associated with the defects will be assignable to only about 20% of the total number of defect types occurring. By Examining the elements of this cost it is revealed that once again 80% of the total defect costs spring from only about 20% of the cost elements. A Pareto chart became very handful for Motorola by the discovery of these ratios and has helped in the segmentation of the customers on the bases of imperative problems and opportunities. CAUSE-AND-EFFECT DIAGRAMS Motorola Cause-And-Effect team typically uses a cause-and-effect diagram to identify and isolate causes of a problem. The technique was developed by the late Dr. Kaoru Ishikawa, a noted Japanese quality expert, so sometimes the diagram is called an Ishikawa diagram. Motorola has developed the software of cause-and-effect diagram which tells about how internal or external event affects the organizational processes. It is the only tool that is not based on statistics. This chart is simply a means of visualizing how the various factors associated with a process affect the processes output. HISTOGRAM Histograms are used by most of the companies including Motorola to chart frequency of occurrence. How often does something happen? Any discussion of histograms must begin with an understanding of the two kinds of data commonly associated with processes: attributes and variables data. An attribute is something that the output product of the process either has or does not have. An electronic assembly either had wiring errors or it did not. For Example, in a process used in making Motorola electrical resistors would use the scale of electrical resistance in ohms; another process might use a weight scale, and so on. Variables data are something that results from measurement. EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT The history of Motorola reflects that it has strived to ensure continuous improvement and lasting success by following fundamental principles that emphasize change. One principle is known as leadership of renewal, which stresses the need for change to stay ahead of the advancing technology market. Motorola has tried to create a corporate structure that can anticipate and manage change in order to gain a competitive advantage. A key aspect of accomplishing this is to teach managers and lower level employees to take a proactive approach toward change (Winston). Another standard they adhere to is called renewal of leadership. At Motorola it is important that employees have freedom to take risks and utilize creativity. Therefore, Motorola looks for managers who can inspire and empower subordinates rather than inhibit their creative freedom through rigid authority or control. Their renewal of leadership system uses an intricate 360-degree feedback program for all divisions of the company. This allows every worker to get opinions about their strengths and areas needing improvement from peers, managers, subordinates, and customers. Motorola also has a structure that encourages the rotation of managers from all levels of the organization. This is done to reenergize managers and ensure that problems will continually be looked at from a fresh perspective (Winston). An essential concept the Motorola Corporation advocates to their employees is to think the unthinkable. The notion here is to think differently and find innovative solutions to any type of problem encountered. To encourage this initiative, Motorola passes power on to their employees to make critical decisions and tells them it is okay to make mistakes. Open to new ideas, devoted to nurturing, and encouraging those who question the oldest assumptions and propose the boldest changesthese are enduring characteristics of Motorola (High Performance Working Research Project). Motorola also encourages their employees to exhibit desired performance through rewards and positive reinforcement. Counter-intuitive thinkingthe thought process of standing against the crowd and challenging conventional wisdomis prized, encouraged, and rewarded. In fact, it is the basis on which Motorolas success is founded (Winston). Motorola is very good about giving their employees a high level of autonomy and encouraging independent thinking. This results in a greater sense of confidence and creative freedom while on the job. In order for workers to consistently apply the values that Motorola preaches, they must be properly motivated. Thus, Motorola offers many extrinsic rewards to employees that can make them feel appreciated and motivate them to be successful. The company provides extensive training each year for all employees, tuition reimbursement for attending school, sports and recreation facilities, and promotions based on achievement rather than tenure (Inside Motorola: Benefits). These incentives, along with competitive salaries, can help workers feel a greater sense of commitment and purpose for their jobs. It is also common for people to be more productive and creative when they are valued and feel comfortable in their surroundings. The preceding examples illustrate why so many employees view Motorola as a first class organization and are passionate about their careers. BENCHMARKING Benchmarking is often applied to such business practices as payroll, payables, customer billing, receivables, information technology, purchasing, and inventory management. Despite the various definitions of benchmarking, the goal is always the same: to identify best practices. The benchmarking allowed Motorola to climb the learning curve quickly by benefiting from the experience of other companies. According to Greg Hackett, founder and president of The Hackett Group, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦you get to steal the learning curve of othersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.  [i]   Ultimately, benchmarking results in more efficient processes which, in turn, can generate substantial cost savings. According to Mark Krueger, managing director of AnswerThink Consulting, cost reductions can range from 15% to 45%. The basic premise behind benchmarking is that to deliver quality, you need to compare your business against the best in class business and then make changes to your operation so that quality is enhanced. Benchmarking is the process of determining who is the very best, who sets the standard, and what that standard is. JUST-IN-TIME (JIT) Just-in-Time is method of fast response to customers used my Motorola. The Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing is, to a large extent, based upon a system of total quality management, as well as strong emphasis upon training and involvement of workers in all phases of manufacturing in Motorolas workshops. JIT is particularly conducive for some areas of manufacturing and viable for other manufacturing control systems too. JIT utilizes a full involvement and method of manufacturing, emphasizing such aspects as order to delivery, eliminating waste, enforcing problem-solving and continuous improvement, total quality management, parallel processing, purchasing, and others. The essential philosophy behind JIT manufacturing has largely to do with competitive effectiveness. TAGUCHI CONCEPTS Pioneered by Dr. Genichi Taguchi whose fundamental thinking was to develop products that hold up to adverse conditions (i.e, Motorola telephones are designed to be dropped because this commonly happens). Motorola apples this quality principle to service, they know that they should plan for the worst when designing our service. When the adverse condition occurs, they should maintain the quality in service. CONCLUSION TQM is frequently touted as the necessary next step in the evolution of modern business management. In theory, it is often hard to argue with the logic of the quality focus advocated by the TQM approach. Unfortunately, TQM initiatives often fail when implementation begins. The failure of TQM is largely due to the fact that all the philosophical, strategic, and measurement dimensions of the TQM concept are not adequately addressed. These three dimensions of TQM should be stressed at different levels of the management hierarchy to varying degrees. The responsibility for establishing the philosophical dimension of TQM falls mostly on top management so that the emphasis of quality can be fully integrated into an organizations missions. The essential elements of TQM are then incorporated into strategic decisions for various functions of the organization. Functional management teams within the same organization should be allowed to define quality that is most appropriate for their function al areas. Based on the specific functional, working definitions of quality, it is possible to develop a comprehensive quality measurement system capable of capturing the vital information relating to quality. Data can then be analyzed and aggregated when reported to the upper level management for decision making and continuous improvement.